Literature review of road safety at traffic signals and signalised crossings

A review of safety at signal-controlled junctions and mid-block crossings was undertaken for Transport for London with the aim of informing practice and policy. It covers all aspects of signal design and strategy. A large number of studies on all aspects of signal control were reviewed, the most common topics being red light running and countdown timers. Studies were mainly before-and-after with or without control sites and were found to be very mixed in terms of quality with many having small sample sizes or flawed methodology or both. For some aspects of signal design, there is a conflict between safety and delay. The behaviour of pedestrians has been much more widely studied than their safety.